EnviTronics Lab

This article chronicles a decade of research (2012-2021) dedicated to advancing thermal sensing for crop monitoring. My journey began with the humble infrared thermometer (IRT) and culminated in the development of a sophisticated computer-vision system. While this endeavor has inspired many – from seasoned growers to fellow researchers – it's crucial to emphasize that complexity isn't always the optimal solution. Sometimes, a simple yet reliable system based on infrared thermometry proves more effective for most growers than a highly sophisticated computer vision system. Thermal Sensing for Crop Monitoring: A decade of R&D A simple yet reliable system based on infrared thermometry proves more effective for most growers than a highly sophisticated computer vision system. Researchers may benefit from more complex systems. However, they must be cognizant of the inherent limitations of even the most advanced computer vision algorithms. Investing hundreds, or even thousands, of ...

After my recent post about the Hidden Complexities of VPD Measurements , and reading the comments, I realized I needed to provide more information on this topic. Let's assume we can obtain accurate canopy surface temperature data, target plant canopies are healthy (not affected by disease or pests), measurement timing is right, and we're dealing with a plant species that responds to VPD changes. Here are two key questions to consider: How should canopy surface temperature readings look like in a well-watered plant versus a water-stressed plant?   How can we take advantage of canopy temperature and VPD measurements?   Canopy-to-air temperature difference (ΔT = Tc - Ta) is fundamental. For most plant species responding to VPD, ΔT should be negative, signifying active transpiration. When plants close stomata due to water stress ( soil moisture deficit ), transpiration diminishes, and leaf surface temperature rises. Transpiration has a cooling effect on the leaf, similar to sweat...

Recent advancements in AgriTech have seen a surge in the development of sophisticated sensors and AI-powered data analytics tools. While this technological leap promises significant improvements in agricultural practices, it's crucial to remember the fundamental biophysical principles that underpin these innovations. One area where this is particularly evident is in the measurement of Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD), a critical parameter for plant water use. This article will delve into the complexities of VPD measurement, highlighting the limitations of current approaches and emphasizing the importance of a strong foundation in plant physiology. The Importance of VPD VPD, essentially the difference between the water vapor pressure at saturation and the actual water vapor pressure in the air, is a key driver of plant water loss through transpiration. Standard Meteorological VPD  Traditionally, VPD is calculated using air temperature and relative humidity (VPD = es - ea, where es is th...

  Soil moisture readings often deviate from expectations, leading growers to question the functionality of their sensors or readout devices. This uncertainty can arise for both experienced cultivators new to sensors and novice gardeners. While these concerns are understandable, they often stem from a lack of sensor experience and a poor understanding of irrigation scheduling fundamentals rather than inherent equipment malfunctions. Crucial Reminder:  Effective irrigation management relies on a three-pronged approach: Scientific Understanding: Comprehending plant water requirements, soil properties, and irrigation principles. Practical Experience: Cultivating a deep understanding of plant behavior, environmental factors, and irrigation techniques. Sensor Technology:  Utilizing sensors to monitor soil moisture conditions and provide valuable data for informed irrigation decisions. Soil moisture sensors are merely one component of this integrated system. No sensor can com...